تأثیر سکوت بر دقتِ تشخیص زیروبمی موسیقی‌دانان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیت علمی دانشگاه هنر

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده هنرهای نمایشی و موسیقی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

توانایی ادراک و تشخیص زیروبمی، در فرآیند درک موسیقی اصلی بنیادی است و بسیاری از کاوش‌ها در پی یافتن عواملی مؤثر جهت بهبودِ دقت این توانایی‌ هستند. تاکنون اثرات متفاوتی از سکوت در بازه‌های زمانی گوناگون، بر توانایی‌ تشخیص زیر و بمی انسان شناسایی شده است. مطالعه تحلیلی- توصیفی حاضر در پی یافتن تأثیر قرار دادن سکوت در بازه‌ای خاص، بین محرک‌های صوتی، بر دقتِ تشخیص زیر و بمی است؛ در این کاوش، تأثیر عوامل مختلف روانی و فیزیکی بر تشخیص زیروبمی تا حد امکان حذف و سپس اثر بخشی دیرندهای گوناگونِ سکوت‌ در بازه 500 تا2000 میلی ثانیه بر دقتِ تشخیص زیر و بمی موسیقی‌دانان ارزیابی شد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر سکوت بر تشخیص زیر و بمی، مقادیر مختلفی از تضادها (5، 10، 25 و 50 سِنت) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که قرار گرفتن سکوت بین محرک‌ها با دیرندهای 500، 1000 و 2000 میلی ثانیه، دقتِ توانایی تشخیص تضاد زیر و بمی را، در دامنه بسامدی 25/523 هِرتز و شدت صوتی در حدود 5/72 دسی‌بِل، در موسیقی‌دانان بهبود می‌بخشد (05/0P < ). چنین اثری را می‌توان از منظر فیزیولوژیک با ساز و کار گوش داخلی در فرآیند شنوایی و از دیدگاه روانشناختی با عملکرد حافظه در فرآیند درک و داوری در مورد اصوات، توضیح داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Silence on Musician’s Pitch Discrimination Accuracy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iman Fakhr 1
  • Amin Honarmand 2
1 Instructor professor
2 Music, Art Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The complex abilities of pitch perception and perceiving discriminating pitches are vital to the music perception phenomenon. Comprehensive studies have investigated the influence of intervening silence in various dimensions and have indicated its effect on human auditory ability. The present study provides additional information on the pitch discrimination ability, and how silence between stimuli affects our perception. We neutralized various effective factors and assessed the effect of perceivable durations of silences (in the range of 500-2000 ms) on pitch discrimination ability in musicians; Distractive factors were reduced to refine the effect of intervening silence, and assess pitch discrimination accuracy in varying silent inter-stimulus interval durations precisely. By using factors such as pure stimuli, moderate frequencies, suitable durations, and favorable intensities, the efficiency of the experiment was optimized. Varying degrees of pitch differentials (5, 10, 25, and 50 cents) were used to estimate the effect of silence on pitch discrimination. In current experiment, participants included 36 female and 65 male undergraduate and graduate music students from Tehran University of Art and the University of Tehran (mean age=23.31 years, SD=4.46). They had passed ear-training courses, and played a melodic instrument for a minimum mean (SD) time of 9.15 (3.42) years. The difference limen for frequency was estimated for all participants (mean± SD= 8.2±2.88 cents). Since the results of multiple test attempts on one person should be considered related or dependent, Friedman test was used to compare the answers of each participant across different silent ISI durations. Moreover, Fisher’s exact test was used to correct all analyses. To assess the influence of auditory sensitivity and musical experience in our experiment, and to find any correlation between these factors and the effect of silence intervention, participants were categorized into two groups: one based on their baseline mean DLF (8.2≤ and >8.2) and another based on the mean years of their musical instruction (≥ 9.15 years or

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pitch discrimination
  • perception
  • silence
  • musician

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: هنرهای نمایشی و موسیقی
دوره 25، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 33-40

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