تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی (پداگوژیک): مطالعه‌ای تطبیقی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهش هنر، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر به‌ویژه با گسترش روزافزون هنر تئاتر در کشورهای مختلف، و نیز طرح نظریه‌های جدید نمایشی مبنی بر ظرفیت‌های بالای این هنر در مسیر ارتقای کیفیت زندگی بشر، وجوه تازه‌ای از این هنر بازشناسی و ارائه شده است. یکی از این وجوه، که از سوی بخش وسیعی از نهادهای آموزشی و تربیتی، و نیز محافل علمی و دانشگاهی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، تئاتر تعلیمی‌ـ تربیتی یا پداگوژیک نام دارد. هنر نمایش به صورت عام و تئاتر به صورت خاص از دیرباز با دو کارکرد متفاوت به جامعه‌ی بشری معرفی شده است: کارکرد فرهنگی‌ـ روشنفکری، که بیشتر بر جنبه‌های ارائه‌ی اثر هنری مستقل به مخاطبان تاکید دارد، و کاربرد تعلیمی‌ـ تربیتی که متضمن پرورش روح، آموزش و ارتقای کیفی زندگی انسان است. کاربردی که تئاتر را نه فقط هنری برای سرگرم کردن مخاطبان و اقناع ذوق هنری آنان ، بلکه فرایندی پیچیده و موثر بر سیر تحولات فکری بشر می داند. مقاله‌ی حاضر با استناد به آرای متفکرانی چون ماکارنکو و فریر و بوآل و نیز تجارب جهانی در حوزه‌ی استفاده از تئاتر در راستای مقاصد تعلیمی و تربیتی به بررسی ویژگی‌های تئاتر تعلیمی‌ـ تربیتی (پداگوژیک) و تفاوت‌های آن با تئاترهایی که صرفاً اهداف دیگری از جمله فرهنگی‌ـ ‌روشنفکری را دنبال می‌کنند، پرداخته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Pedagogic theatre: a comparative study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Sarsangi 1
  • Rahmat Amini 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Theatre is not just bound to what happens on the stage and in front of the eyes of the spectators. The process of preparing and practicing theatre is effective in training people. In this way theatre sociologists have studied theatre from the point of view of affects on social contacts and pedagogical theorists who think that childhood is the most important period in forming people personality have focused on theatre from the pedagogical point of view. In our country – although limited – theatre is used in kinder gardens in training children. In this article which aim is knowing the how and effects of theatre on children, children theatre as a two-dimensional art which is in close relation with its spectators, and its pedagogical effects on spectators are analyzed. In fact, the main discussion is to introduce pedagogic theatre as a resource in training. Researching about theory of drama is very important because pedagogical and applied drama are necessary for education in life and schools . in this article I try to their characteristics. In fact applied drama and non applied drama are not separated of their characteristics like entertaining because both of them have this dimensions, In this research with studying the most important source in Persian we studied and important pedagogic and cultural – intellectual drama and their characteristics. This research illustrates, in our country. The charging of behavior of audience in pedagogic drama is considerable and in cultural- intellectual aesthetics is very important. Pedagogical drama in education theatre is important. It seems that theatre have not paid attention to this kind of education in drama studying therefore using of drama as an educational tool is one of the most important aims of this research. This research is comparative research and in this comparison ,two important kinds of ideas, we get serious results. about pedagogic and playing and its role in behavior of children , however, nowadays we have to pay attention to the educational side of in institute. So I think pedagogical and applied drama in schools and central education is more than and important the comparative of traditional education. In future we must try to better education and drama for students. If we try in the next time and future teach drama and pedagogical drama in the schools, that is successful for students. social theatre, political theatre, radical theatre and many other variations, but over the course of the last decade, “applied theatre” is the term that has emerged as the umbrella under which all of these prior terms and practices are embraced. One example of how applied theatre can be different lies in the area of scripting. Whereas traditional mainstream theatre is most often centered in the interpretation of a pre-written script, applied theatre, in contrast, involves both the generation and the interpretation of a theatre piece that in performance may or may not be scripted in the traditional manner.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • children
  • Comparative Study
  • pedagogical theatre
  • theatre
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