حرکت با ضرب‌آهنگ موسیقی: روشی برای کنترل شدت و افزایش مشارکت در فعالیت‌بدنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

نتایج تحقیقات نشان می‌دهند، می‌توان از موسیقی جهت افزایش مدت انجام فعالیت‌بدنی استفاده کرد. با این وجود، نقش موسیقی در کنترل شدت فعالیت‌بدنی کمتر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف از این تحقیق، از یک سو بررسی نقش موسیقی در کنترل شدت فعالیت‌بدنی و از سوی دیگر، تأثیر ساختار موسیقی بر ایجاد همزمانی بین موسیقی و فعالیت‌بدنی می‌باشد. بدین منظور آزمودنی‌ها (دانشجویان رشته تربیت‌بدنی) طی چهار جلسه مجزا و هر جلسه شامل دو وهله مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته شد. جهت انجام این تحقیق شش قطعه موسیقی با میزان‌ و سرعت‌‌های مختلف ساخته شد. از آزمودنی‌ها خواسته شد طی رکاب‌زدن بر روی دوچرخه کارسنج، تواتر رکاب‌زدن خود را با ضرب‌آهنگ موسیقی همگام کنند. در هر وهله ضربان قلب و سرعت رکاب‌زدن آزمودنی‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌ها با آزمون آنالیز واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونیتحلیل شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد میزان موسیقی بر درک ضرب موسیقی و همگامی تأثیر معناداری ندارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد در هر ضرب‌آهنگ، ضربان قلب زنان نسبت به مردان به طور معناداری بالاتر است اما جنسیت بر درک ضرب موسیقی و همگامی تأثیر معناداری ندارد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد می‌توان از موسیقی جهت کنترل شدت فعالیت‌بدنی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Movement with the Beat of Music: Strategy to Control the Intensity and Increase Participation in Physical Activity

نویسنده [English]

  • Yahya Asefi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia
چکیده [English]

Previously studies have shown that music can be used to increase the time to engage in physical activity but music's role in controlling the intensity of PA has been studied less. The sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), the coordination of rhythmic movement with rhythmic sensory stimuli method, seems to have enough potential and can be applied instead of the previous method for ordinary people in public places and even the professional athletes. The people have strong tendencies towards responding to the rhythmical and temporal qualities of music. This tendency often results in the synchronization between the tempo or speed of music and the athlete's movement patterns. The previous studies have indicated that the humans are capable to synchronize their body movements with the music beat either as a part of dance or simply as an individual response to the music. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the use of music to control the physical activity intensity during cycling in the one hand and in the other hand the effects of different music meters on coordination between music and physical activity. To this purpose, twenty-five subjects were involved in this study, performed four  seperate sessions. For this study, six isochronous music pieces and for each music meter two pieces with two different tempos were examined. Two trails were conducted without playing the music pieces and others with it. The order trials were randomized. In the lack of music trials, the participants were asked to ride the cycle ergometer with preferred cadences, but all subjects were instructed to synchronize their cycling speeds with music tempoduring the music trials. They were instructed to maintain a 1:1 relationship between pushing the pedal and tone (sound). The participants were instructed to adjust the movement to the beat while cycling even if they could not precisely synchronize it with the beat. The trials began after a short practice. At all of these sessions, the subjects rode without the cadence feedback. In each trial, cycling speed and heart rate were measured. Data were analyzed with Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results indicated there were a strong correlation between the music tempo and cycling speed. We also identified that music meter has no influence on beat perception and synchronization (BPS). Results indicated gender had no effect on beat perception and synchronization but heart rate was different in each beat rate and women heart rate significantly was higher than men participants. According to the comparison of existence and lack of music situation, the standard deviation of non-music condition was higher and this difference (between with and without music condition) reflected the impact of music on the cycling cadence. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the heart rate status was not significantly different in different music meters at each music beat rate. The study showed music can be used as a method to control the intensity of physical activity. We also identified that music speed should be chosen based on physiological differences

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical Activity
  • Health
  • Music
  • Meter

مراجع

Achten, J, Jeukendrup, A.E(2003), Heart Rate Monitoring: Applications and Limitations. Sports Med, 33(7),517-538.

Boltz, M(1994), Changes in internal tempo and effects on the learning and remembering of event durations, J Exp Psychol: Learning Mem Cogn, 20(5),1154–1171.

#Drake, C, Penel, A, Bigand, E (2000a), Tapping in time with mechanically and expressively performed music, Music Perception, 18,1–23.

#Haskell, W.L, Lee, I.M, Pate, R.R, Powell, K.E, Blair, S.N, Franklin, B.A, Macera, C.A, Heath, G.W, Thompson, P.D, Bauman, A (2007)., Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association., Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39(8),1423-34.

#Kesaniemi, Y.K, Danforth, E. Jr, Jensen, M.D, et al (2001), Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(6 Suppl),S351-8.

#Karageorghis, C.I, and Terry, P.C (2009), The psychological, psychophysical and ergogenic effects of music in sport, In: Anthony B, John B, Canada, Routledge; pp:13-36.

#Large, E.W, palmer, C (2002), Perceiving temporal regularity in music, Cognitive Science, 26,1-37.

#McAuley, J.D (2010), Tempo and Rhythm, In: Jones MR, Fay RR, Popper AN, Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Springer, New York.

#Mc Neill, W.H (1995), Keeping together in time: Dance and drill in human history, MA: Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

#Mittleman, M.A, Maclure, M, Tofler, G.H, et al(1993), Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion: protection against triggering by regular exertion, Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators, N Engl J Med, 329(23),1677–1683.

#Nelson, M.E, Rejeski, W.J, Blair, S.N, Duncan, P.W, Judge, J.O, King, A.C, Macera, C.A, Castaneda-Sceppa, C (2007), Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39(8),1435-45.

#Nett, B(2000), An Ethnomusicologist Contemplates Universals in Musical, Sound and Musical Culture, In: Wwallin NL, Merker B, Brown S (eds), MIT PRESS, MA, Cambridge.

# Phillips-Silver, J, Trainor, L.J (2007), Hearing what the body feels: auditory encoding of rhythmic movement, Cognition, 105,533–546.

#Patel, A.D, Inversen, J.R, Chen, Y, Repp, B.H (2005), The influence of metricality and modality on synchronization with a beat, Exp Brain Res, 163(2),226–238.

#Pate, R.R, Pratt, M., Blair, S.N, Haskell, W.L, Macera, C.A, Bouchard, C, et al (1995), Physical activity and public health. a recommendation from the centres for disease control and prevention and the American College Of Sports Medicine, JAMA, 273(5),402–407.

#Robertson, R.J, Noble, B.J (1997), Perception of physical exertion: methods, mediators, and applications, Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 25,407–52.

#Repp, B.H (2006), Musical synchronization, In: Altenmuller E, Wiesendanger M, Kesselring J (Eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford.# Snyder, J.S, Krumhansl, C.L (2001), Tapping to ragtime: cues to pulse finding, Music Perception, 18,455–489.

#World Health Organization (WHO), Global Health Observatory (GHO), Prevalence of insufficient physical activity, Available at: http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/physical_activity_text/en/index.html, 2008. #

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار