نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری تئاتر، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The term “local genre” is one of the terms that may not be accepted all cinematologists and film critics because genre is defined as a global category and is less attributed to a specific region or nation. However, this research considers it possible to use the term local genre with a simple definition. In many cases, local genres are subgenres or hybrid genres with features that are less common elsewhere. In fact, by repeating some special features in the production works of a subgenre or hybrid genre in the films of a nation or region, and of course the presence of a significant number of works in that genre, these subgenres or hybrid genres will become local genres. For example, all local genres in Japan cinema like Kaiju or Yakuza films are sub-genres or hybrid genres: Kaiju genre is a combination of features of two genres, science-fiction and horror, and Yakuza film is one of the sub-genres of crime genre.
Studing a wide range of local genres including martial arts genre in Hong Kong, Spaghetti Western in Italy, Masala in India, Heimatfilm in Germany, Anime in Japan and Filmfarsi in Iran, proves that despite the diversity of generic elements in local genres, there is a constant trend in the development of these genres, which is influenced by the national and cultural identity of that genre's region. With the temporary salience of national identity with factors such as war, colonialism, cultural domination and other elements that emphasize the concepts of "self" and "other" has drawn the attention of filmmakers to cultural heritage and using it to represent national identity in the content and structure of films and it has led to the formation of genres that have distinct characteristics compared to the dominant cinema genres. The expression of national concerns in terms that can be understood by the general public has made these films extremely popular among the people, and over time, these genres have gained their audience inside and outside their territory and facilitate the development of "national cinema".
Filmmakers around the world can produce films that include their identity and culture by relying on the achievements of native genres inside and outside their country. The use of genre cinema to express contemporary national concerns, along with examining the unique features of expression in classical literary and artistic works of each country, can play an important role in eliminating the common demarcation of popular and artistic cinema and as a result lead to an increase in the social role of cinema.
In this article, after examining the main features of local genres and their differences with the dominant genres of Hollywood cinema, their role in ending the dominance of Hollywood cinema will be examined. After that, the role of national identity in the formation of this genre will be analyzed, and finally, the influence of classical arts on the content, structure, style and iconography of this genre will be determined.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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