تأثیر امکانات و شیوه‌های بازنماییِ واقعیت بر تولیدِ حقیقت در تئاتر مستندِ آنا دیویر اسمیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد سینما، گروه سینما و انیمیشن، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، واحد کرج دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

این تحقیق با بررسی آثار نمایشیِ تئاتر مستند، به تحلیل چگونگیِ ارتباط میان شیوه­ های بازنماییِ واقعیت در تئاتر مستند، و تأثیر اجتماعیِ آن می ­پردازد. مسأله اصلی تحقیق به این شکل طرح می­شود که اولاً چگونه روش­ ها و تکنیک­ های تئاتر مستندِ معاصر و به طور خاص آثار آنا دیور اسمیت، به تولید حقیقت می ­پردازد و ثانیاً چگونه می ­توان الگو و معیاری برای ارزیابی و تولیدِ آثارِ نمایشیِ مستند، مدوّن ساخت.  هدف تحقیق، مطالعه ­ی چگونگی بازنماییِ واقعیتِ اجتماعی در آثار مستند و بر این راستا ترسیم الگویی برای ارزیابیِ این آثار است. برای این منظور، مقالات و نظریات مختلف در زمینه­ ی تئاتر مستند بررسی و آثار نمایشیِ آنا دیویر اسمیت، مؤلّفِ مطرحِ تئاترِ مستند، به عنوان نمونه­ ی موردی، بر اساس شیوه ­های بازنماییِ واقعیت در آن­ها انتخاب شده است. تحلیل­ ها بر اساس رویکرد نظریِ آلن بدیو، نظریه­ پرداز معاصر حوزه فلسفه صورت گرفته است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی، تحلیلی و تفسیری و با رویکرد کیفی است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می­ دهد روندِ تولیدِ فرمِ نمایشی در آثارِ اسمیت، با روندِ تولیدِ حقیقت از دیدگاه بدیو بسیار هم­خوانی دارد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل ­ها بر روی نمودار و جدول، نشان می ­دهد که می­توان از طریق تقابل­ های موجود در عناصر فرم و محتوا، الگو و مسیر خلق یک نمایشِ مستندِ خوب را تعیین ساخت.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of methods and technics of representing reality on the production of truth in documentary theater by examining the works of Anna Deaver Smith

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahtab Pouyamanesh 1
  • Ataollah Koopal 2
1 Mahtab Pouyamanesh, M.A educated, Department of Cinema & Animation, Art & Architecture Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor Ataollah Koopal, Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research intends to analyze the relationship between the methods of representing social reality in documentary theater and its social impact by examining selected dramatic works of this genre. We look into two main things; first, how the methods and techniques of contemporary documentary theater, and specifically the works of Anna Deavere Smith, represent the issue of social justice, and second, how it is possible to suggest a standard criterion to evaluate and produce documentary works and dramas. To answer these, the documentary dramas written by Anna Deavere Smith will be examined as case examples. The analysis will be based on the theoretical approach of Alain Badiou, a contemporary theoretician in the field of philosophy, and ontology, and it is expected that based on the results of this research, the impact of the methods used in documentary theater, to represent the truth can be explained and analyzed. The approach of this research is descriptive, analytical, and interpretative, and the case examples are selected and analyzed, based on their importance and the methods used to represent social realities. By defining and describing documentary theater and its characteristics, this research reflects upon the possibilities of how this genre can represent social issues, using contemporary methods and technologies. In addition, the definition of standards and criteria are evaluated in documentary theater based on the successfulness to achieve the main goal, which is representing the truth. Anna Deavere Smith's works, taking into account the main task of documentary theater, that is the production of truth, has been able to produce truth in a stronger and more effective way based on Alain Badiou's views and his theory on the process of truth-procedure. To sum up, Anna Deavere Smith has successfully used verbatim technique in creating documentary dramatic works, and in providing dualities extracted from Badiou's theory and views. Another result that is observed in the analysis of Anna Deavere Smith's works is that with the passage of time, she has been able to be more successful in creating these dualities in her documentary plays. Therefore, through this study, it is suggested that Smith herself, has something similar to Badiou’s truth-procedure in mind, by using verbatim technique. The power of dualities of form has increased in her works, while the trend in content, has declined; reflective of her priority in writing. In general, Anna Deavere Smith has been more successful in creating a theatrical form of documentary. This research provides a “measurement criteria” to evaluate other documentary dramas, and a framework for making more successful documentary dramas in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Documentary Theatre
  • Reality
  • Anna Deavere Smith
  • Alain Badiou
  • Truth Production

مراجع

  • Brantley, Ben (2016), “Review: Anna Deavere Smith’s ‘Notes From the Field’ Delivers Voices of Despair and Hope”, NewYorkTimes, Nov. 3, Section C, p. 2.
  • - Corcoran, Steve (2006), “Third Sketch of a Manifesto of Affirmation Art”, in Alain Badiou, Polemics, Verso, pp 133-148.
  • - Claycomb, Ryan M. (2003), “Choral History: Documentary Theatre, the Comunal Subject and Progressive Politics”, Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, Spring, pp. 95-121.
  • - Dowson, Gary Fisher (1991), Documentary Theatre in the United States: An Historical Survey and Analysis of Its Content, Form, and Stagecraft (Contributions in Drama & Theatre Studies), Westport: Praeger publish.
  • - Enright, Helena Mary (2011), “Theatre of Testimony”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Exeter, Exeter, England. - Feltham, Oliver and Clemens, Justin, 2004, “Philosophy and Desire”, Infinite Thoughts, Continuum, London, pp. 2-28.
  • - Grondahl, Laura (2017), “Speaking about Reality: Verbatim techniques in contemporary Finnish documentary theatre”, Nordic Theatre Studies, (28), 2, pp. 71-96.
  • - Keen, Colette F. (2017), “Behind the Words: The Art of Documentary and Verbatim Theatre”, Ph.D. Thesis, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.
  • - Little, Suzanne (2011), “In and Out of Tune with Reality: Opposed Strategies of Documentary Theatre”, Double Dialogues,14, Special Summer, pp.1-16.
  • - Long, Nicholas J. (2015), “For a Verbatim Ethnography”, Anthropology, Theatre and Development: The Transformative Power of Performance, edited by Alex Flynn and Jonas Tinius, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pps. 305-333.
  • - Paget, Derek (2019), “Verbatim Theatre: Oral History and Documentary Techniques”, London: Cambridge university press, pp. 317-336.
  • https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266464X00002463
  • - Smith, Anna Deavere (1993), Fires in the Mirror, United States, New York: Anchor Books pub. - Smith, Anna Deavere (1994), Twilight; Los Angeles, United States, New York: Anchor Books pub.
  • - Smith, Anna Deavere (2018), Notes From the Field, United States, New York: Anchor Books pub.
نشریه هنرهای زیبا: هنرهای نمایشی و موسیقی
دوره 29، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 29-40

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